Assessing What Brexit Means for Europe: Implications for EU Institutions and Actors

With the signing of EU–UK trade and cooperation agreement in December 2020, configurations Brexit have started to become clearer. The first consequences UK’s decision leave EU visible, both UK EU. This thematic issue focuses on a relatively under-researched aspect Brexit—what withdrawal has meant means for Using new empirical data covering most (if not all) post-2016 referendum period, it provides overall assessment impact main institutions, institutional rules actors. articles reveal that institutions actors changed patterns behaviour norms well before formal exit January 2020. They adopted ‘counter-measures’ cope with challenges withdrawal—be organizational practices Parliament, different network dynamics Council or strengthening Franco-German partnership. In this sense, Union has—so far—shown significant resilience wake Brexit.